Proposal to encode Buginese in ISO/IEC 10646

	ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N1657
DATE: 1997-12-08

DOC TYPE:	Expert contribution
TITLE:	Proposal to encode Buginese in ISO/IEC 10646
SOURCE:	Michael Everson, EGT (IE)
PROJECT:	JTC1.02.18.01
STATUS:	Proposal.
ACTION ID:	FYI
DUE DATE:	--
DISTRIBUTION:	Worldwide
MEDIUM:	Paper and web
NO. OF PAGES:	3

A. Administrative
1. Title	Proposal to encode Buginese in ISO/IEC 10646
2. Requester's name	Michael Everson
3. Requester type	Expert request
4. Submission date	1997-12-08
5. Requester's reference
6a. Completion	This is a complete proposal.
6b. More information to be provided?	No

B. Technical -- General
1a. New script? Name?	Yes. Buginese
1b. Addition of characters to existing block? Name?	No.
2. Number of characters	30
3. Proposed category	Category A
4. Proposed level of implementation and rationale	Level 2 as other Brahmic scripts
5a. Character names included in proposal?	Yes
5b. Character names in accordance with guidelines?	Yes
5c. Character shapes reviewable?	Yes
6a. Who will provide computerized font?	Michael Everson, Everson Gunn Teoranta
6b. Font currently available?	Michael Everson, Everson Gunn Teoranta
6c. Font format?	TrueType
7a. Are references (to other character sets, dictionaries, descriptive texts, etc.) provided?	Yes. See http://idris.com/scripts/Bugis.html and ftp://mp.cs.niu.edu/pub/henry/re adme.txt
7b. Are published examples (such as samples from newspapers, magazines, or other sources) of use of proposed characters attached?	No
8. Does the proposal address other aspects of character data processing?	Yes, sorting and the novel use of the VIRAMA are discussed below.

C. Technical -- Justification
1. Contact with the user community?	Yes, indirectly.
2. Information on the user community?	Buginese is used on the island of Sulawesi, mainly in the southwest.
3a. The context of use for the proposed characters?	Used to write the Bugis language.
3b. Reference	Haarmann 1992, Faulmann 1990
4a. Proposed characters in current use?	Yes.
4b. Where?	By people writing Bugis.
5a. Characters should be encoded entirely in BMP?	Yes.
5b. Rationale	Accordance with the Roadmap.
6. Should characters be kept in a continuous range?	Yes
7a. Can the characters be considered a presentation form of an existing character or character sequence?	No.
7b. Where?
7c. Reference
8a. Can any of the characters be considered to be similar (in appearance or function) to an existing character?	No
8b. Where?
8c. Reference
9a. Combining characters or use of composite sequences included?	Yes, the usual Brahmic vowels.
9b. List of composite sequences and their corresponding glyph images provided?	No. The list will be provided at the PDAM stage
10. Characters with any special properties such as control function, etc. included?	No

D. SC2/WG2 Administrative To be completed by SC2/WG2
1. Relevant SC 2/WG 2 document numbers:
2. Status (list of meeting number and corresponding action or disposition)
3. Additional contact to user communities, liaison organizations etc.
4. Assigned category and assigned priority/time frame
Other Comments

Faulmann, Carl. 1990 (1880). Das Buch der Schrift. Frankfurt am Main: Eichborn. ISBN 3-8218-1720-8

Haarmann, Harald. 1990. Universalgeschichte der Schrift. Frankfurt/Main; New York: Campus. ISBN 3-593-34346-0

Issues

Two orderings have been found, one where BUGINESE LETTER A is the first letter in the sequence, and one where it follows SA and precedes HA. A traditional VIRAMA does not seem to exist, but in the single coded character set (the BugisA font) so far found for Buginese, the authors (Andi Mallarangeng and Jim Henry) have created one with the following, rather sensible, rationale:

We have added one feature to the font. Because the written language does not include syllable final consonants, it is impossible to transcribe many non-Bugis words, such as "batik". The final 'k' would be 'ka' and so one would be forced to read "batika". We propose that a line under a character be used to mark such a vowel-less consonant. You can type this symbol by typing the underscore character just after typing the consonant to be so marked. So the keystroke sequence for "batik" would be "batik_".

U+xx00	BUGINESE LETTER A
U+xx01	BUGINESE LETTER KA
U+xx02	BUGINESE LETTER GA
U+xx03	BUGINESE LETTER NGA
U+xx04	BUGINESE LETTER NGKA
U+xx05	BUGINESE LETTER PA
U+xx06	BUGINESE LETTER BA
U+xx07	BUGINESE LETTER MA
U+xx08	BUGINESE LETTER MPA
U+xx09	BUGINESE LETTER TA
U+xx0A	BUGINESE LETTER DA
U+xx0B	BUGINESE LETTER NA
U+xx0C	BUGINESE LETTER NRA
U+xx0D	BUGINESE LETTER CA
U+xx0E	BUGINESE LETTER JA
U+xx0F	BUGINESE LETTER NYA
U+xx00	BUGINESE LETTER NYCA
U+xx01	BUGINESE LETTER YA
U+xx02	BUGINESE LETTER RA
U+xx03	BUGINESE LETTER LA
U+xx04	BUGINESE LETTER VA
U+xx05	BUGINESE LETTER SA
U+xx06	BUGINESE LETTER HA
U+xx07	BUGINESE VOWEL SIGN I
U+xx08	BUGINESE VOWEL SIGN U
U+xx09	BUGINESE VOWEL SIGN E
U+xx0A	BUGINESE VOWEL SIGN O
U+xx0B	BUGINESE VOWEL SIGN AE
U+xx0C	BUGINESE VIRAMA
U+xx0D	BUGINESE PUNCTUATION MARK
U+xx0E	(This position shall not be used)
U+xx0F	(This position shall not be used)

HTML Michael Everson, everson@indigo.ie, http://www.indigo.ie/egt, Dublin, 1997-12-08

A. Administrative

B. Technical -- General

C. Technical -- Justification

D. SC2/WG2 Administrative

Issues